WEEKEND FUN:
Homemade Ball Lightening & The Cola Wars
Three recipes for making ball lightning (ionized plasmoids) using your microwave and some common forms of carbon
This is a tasty recipe I found on a message board doing some research several years ago (1997 to be exact) on ball lightning. (You know you’re a nerd when you do things like this in your free time.)

Ball lightning basically often loosely describes glowing, floating spheres which may or may not bear a noticeable electrical charge, may or may not radiate elevated temperatures and appear typically around electromagnetic events. Classic naturally-occuring ball lightning has been known to pass through solid objects, explode on contact with others –or with nothing at all. Or just simply disappear. It has been seen in a variety of colors and sizes. Other characteristics include an acrid odor, hovering or darting movements and buzzing sounds. Also, some may literally go away quietly while others prefer to go out with a bang.
Ball lightning is still a much-debated phenomenon in scientific circles. While many accounts have it occurring in most cases during or in proximity time- and space-wise to thunderstorms, others have noted apparent occurrence coinciding with earthquakes or other events as well. There are as yet, further unexplained manifestations not seemingly linked to any known weather or seismic electromagnetic activity. One thing over which many scientists are in agreement however is that the most common “fuel” for these is one form or another of combustible particles, held together, ignited and manipulated by various environmental forces.
Ball lightning is said to be the most common cause of UFO sightings; drug-runners in Piper aircraft surely a close second
.
Microwave ball lightning has been a favorite experiment for a few years now. The below recipe has many variations and iterations, some of which might work better for you. It is recommended that you use at least a 500 Watt Microwave to really get things off on the right foot. Some related links at the bottom of this posting will include further information as well as tell you about some of the urban legends surrounding what I’ve dubbed “Geek-TV”. I also highly recommend you read the warnings and advice at the bottom of this post also, if you are seriously considering this or a similar experiment in your home/lab.
To explain what would be seen when running these experiments, I borrow an explanation offered by one researcher by the name of Sam Barros:
Flame heats up carbon, carbon vapor is exited by microwaves, ionizes and pulls itself together due to the electricity creating a magnetic field. Heat makes it glow.
Simple enough. (Though the heat and light are both naturally the by-products of excited particles)

Photography of “lightning” (or plasma) balls in a microwave courtesy of Hans Hochwald
Recipe One (Medium Plasmoids)
Add:
1. Wooden Toothpick
1. Makeshift plastic “holder”
Heating Instructions:
1. Light toothpick
2. Place holder with lit toothpick in Microwave with Rotating Platter
3. Set Microwave on HIGH
4. Set Microwave for one minute. In about 10-20 seconds you should start to see some activity, beginning with a few sparks, small flames followed by the appearance of COLORED SHERES, which will move about possibly emitting a “buzzing” sound.
NOTE: Be sure to turn off the Microwave before the toothpick burns all the way down.
Recipe Two (Smaller, Longer-Lasting Plasmoids)
Add:
1. Wooden Toothpick
1. Small Candle (about an inch)
1. Ceramic Bowl
Heating Instructions:
1. Remove any metal from candle, such as the wick retainer at the bottom (possibly hidden under a paper sticker)
2. Poke toothpick into the candle wax at the top of the candle. Be sure that the wick and the toothpick are touching one another.
3. Light toothpick
4. Place contraption in Microwave with Rotating Platter
5. Set Microwave on HIGH for a couple of minutes
In a few seconds you should see the Plasmoids again, this time a bit smaller moving in wider patterns, buzzing and hovering mysteriously and bobbing for a short while before finally going out one by one. Some may attempt to exit your Microwave’s air vents. While this typically should not be of grave concern, it is best to always keep an eye on them and be prepared with a fire extinguisher, just in case.
Recipe Three (Smaller, Longer-Lasting Plasmoids)
Add:
1. Steel Wool
1. Charcoal Powder
Heating Instructions:
1. Place contraption in Microwave with Rotating Platter
2. Sprinkle the charcoal powder “sparsely” upon the steel wool with a “small pile” in center
3. Set Microwave on HIGH for a couple of minutes and let ‘er rip.
You should first see a few sparks with the first few seconds emanating from the wool. Shortly thereafter plasmoids should begin to appear, moving and buzzing freely around inside the oven. These however may become more “vigorous”, lasting longer than their counterparts. The reaction will continue to intensify and you may see an orange-sized plasmoid or two appear. The larger ones may last for several seconds and display a wide variety of colors. Again, use good judgment and turn off the Microwave if you begin to suspect the plasmoid ball might be causing damage- particularly if they remain stationary for a long time.
Cool, huh? There are a lot more experiments like these if you follow the links below. Even if you aren’t one to try these yourself, it’s often just as interesting reading about them and understanding the laws set about which govern them and the universe we live in. We have yet to even scratch the surface in this masterful creation. Oh yeah, after turning off the microwave and allowing everything sitting inside the microwave to cool down, open the door and remove whatever remains (no, you cannot eat it!) and chuck it.
WARNING: For information use only. Only try this if you’re an adult and are aware of and assume the risks from putting combustible, metallic substances in your microwave. Wear goggles and protective gear at all times. This is a scientific experiment with combustible materials that utilizes sensitive electronic equipment. Improper use can be harmful and further study and understanding of the principles involved should be undertaken prior to engaging in this experiment. The author is in no way responsible for damages of any kind caused by conducting these or any experiments implicitly or explicitly discussed in this post. Any such experiment must be conducted with prudence and due-diligence. No warranty or guarantee as to any outcome of the experiment is granted expressly or implied.
WATCH CAREFULLY AND USE GOOD JUDGEMENT
Some plasmoids may try to escape your Microwave through its air vents. While this typically should not be of grave concern, it is best to always keep an eye on them and be prepared with a fire extinguisher. Further, it is advised not to conduct these experiments anywhere near fresh paint, grease, petrol or other accelerants.
Also, it is good to allow the Microwave to cool down for awhile after running each experiment, since temperatures inside can climb and eventually produce a hazard to you and/or the hardware. Some damaged Microwaves may still seem to function but may nevertheless become a health risk to their owners.
CREDITS: James P Moore (jmoore@condor.mbcr.bcm.tmc.edu) at the molecular biology department of Baylor College of Medicine is the original author of these “recipes”. (This to me was always particularly ironic since just a year later I ended up dating a girl who was a grad student at BCM and spending a lot of time there myself. It deeply grew my interest in the whole matter of her work as I frequently spent time in the labs with everyone, played (er, “helped”) with biohazards, radiohazards and centrifuges, and even chipped-in a bit to edit a few pages of a collaborative publication being worked on by members of the lab. The part of the work centered around perceiving how differing muscle tissue types are triggered by different means in order to better understand the big picture of excitation-contraction coupling of skeletal muscle and the molecular mechanisms of E-C-related human diseases. Specifically that portion of the paper dealt with “the identification of the determinants for CaM binding and a solution NMR structure for calmodulin bound to the carboxyterminal tail of the L-type Ca2+channel,” which later was part of a major publication. I also discovered their IT security a bit lacking- hope things have improved since 2000. Intensely fascinating stuff, I recall – I have a link to that department on my side bar because it is really just that cool, folks.)
Recommended reading:
Some more tips for making your plasmoids spin with glee!
Ball lightning overview: Nature and un-nature.
International Symposium on Ball Lightning
Google it! – Look into the matter further yourself
Books:
Mark Stenhoff. Ball Lightning: An Unsolved Problem in Atmospheric Physics. Kluwer Academic Publisher, 1999.
James Dale Barry, and Dent Barry. Ball Lightning and Bead Lightning: Extreme Forms of Atmospheric Electricity. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1980.
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Cola Wars!
Science Finds Cool Insights in Cola Wars (I promised, didn’t I?)

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